A child from a poor family

when I go home in the evening, the news is full of college entrance exams. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in family, education, and inequality, but with regard to the college entrance examination, burden reduction, enrollment expansion and quality education, and the alternating words of "difficult to get a noble son from a poor family" and "winning a high-rich handsome /white rich beauty in the examination", personal experience and academic experience are intertwined, and there is too much to say, but there is a feeling that there is no way to say it. Sort out an old article.

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1. & nbsp; & nbsp; I met Wang Dong for the first time at Starbucks in Harvard Square. This year is Wang Dong's fourth year as a doctoral student at Harvard. & nbsp; & nbsp; is different from many of my classmates. Wang Dong's family is in the countryside of central China and his family is poor. He left home at the age of 12 and went to study in the experimental class in No. 1 Middle School, which is famous for its outstanding results in the college entrance examination. In the past six years, Wang Dong got good grades and was successfully admitted to a famous school in Shanghai during the college entrance examination. he completed his studies with the help of scholarships, financial aid, work-study programs and a very small number of relatives and friends, and came to study in the United States after graduation. After four years in the United States, Wang Dong's English still has a strong accent. Speaking of English teaching in high school, he said, "where do we have foreign teachers-we have never heard of them." But I am good at grammar because I need it for the college entrance examination. " When nbsp; & nbsp; talked about family education, I asked Wang Dong what impressed him most. Wang Dong said that what impressed parents most was that their children were "reading idle books" and neglecting their homework-so they had to hide and watch it every time. Once the book was "seized" when his father caught him watching the Divine Romance. & nbsp; & nbsp; "Romance of the Deity" is not allowed to watch? At least that's a masterpiece. " & nbsp; & nbsp; "Yes, but what do they know?" & nbsp; & nbsp; however, in his communication with me, Wang Dong repeatedly mentioned the necessity of reading as a teenager-for him, he said, books provided another habitat and possibility in addition to the barren life. "at that time, I didn't have piano lessons to go abroad for summer camp. If I hadn't studied, I would probably be the same as my brother now." & nbsp; & nbsp; Wang Dong's brothers now mostly work in different cities. Wang Dong, a PhD student at Harvard, is similar to a legend in the village-"I am actually a special case for a child from a family like me," says Wang Dong himself.

& nbsp;2. & nbsp; & nbsp; in the spring of 2007, after the walk was over, my classmates and I began to work as English teachers in a school for the children of migrant workers in Nanjing. & nbsp; & nbsp; School is very small and far from the city. From Grade one to Grade six, there are three classes in each grade with more than eighty students in each class. There are few teachers in the school, and one teacher needs to be responsible for several subjects at the same time. & nbsp; & nbsp; frankly speaking, it was not a pleasant teaching experience for me. At that time, I was not eighteen years old, and I lacked the necessary patience, let alone the unfair distribution of educational resources, nor did I understand the interaction between family, school and social strata. The problems we can see probably stop at the noisy classroom, the homework that can never be collected, and the "third person singular plus s" and "plural plus s" which are still unclear after teaching for a week. & nbsp; & nbsp; Zhang Yimou once made the movie "No less". However, it is not uncommon that there are fewer students in schools for the children of migrant workers. Some parents make a living all the way, and their children go to school on the move. Others dropped out of school and began to work with their parents. And even if you graduate smoothly and have the plan to continue your studies, you still have to face the question of where to take the exam. & nbsp; & nbsp; there was a very clever girl in the class at that time. I was very impressed-most of the students in the class did not fall in love with the English class and thought that "learning is useless". Only she was the most serious, had the highest correct rate of silent words, and worked very hard to learn pronunciation. At that time, she asked me to give her an English name. I still remember that I gave her Betty. & nbsp; & nbsp; do not know where the children are at this moment and at that time.

3. & nbsp; & nbsp; my friend Syler (*) is a typical white middle-class American family: the father has a well-paid white-collar job and the mother is at home full-time-of the two children, the eldest daughter is eight years old and the youngest son is four years old. My mother has a blog, which is only open to relatives and friends, on which she records in detail the daily arrangements of the family. One summer vacation, the two children together attended six long and short summer camps. in addition, the children also had regular horse riding, swimming and piano lessons every week. & nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; in June 2013, I went to see them and picked up the children with Sylar's mother every day. Sylar's mother has already started planning her children's summer vacation next year. She has taken a fancy to a "space camp" that she wants her eldest daughter to attend, because "girls study science and then go to college to get scholarships." for Sailor and his wife, there is no question of whether the child will go to college, but when and what kind of college. & nbsp; & nbsp; In Unequal Childhoods, Annette Lareau, an American sociologist, discusses the parenting methods of families of different social classes in the United States: American children have limited time in school every day, middle-class families with economic conditions use all kinds of extracurricular activities to arrange their children's extracurricular life (concerted cultivation), while wage and poor families are more of a sheep herding model (natural growth),. This further leads to different school performance and social mobility opportunities for children from different classes. & nbsp;

4. & nbsP; & nbsp; our country has been promoting "quality education" and "reducing burden" for a long time. However, the question is, what is the real quality education? Let the children come home from school early without homework, and more educational tasks are transferred to the family-so that for families with a certain socio-economic status, children are able to accumulate cultural capital (cultural capital), otherwise they are herded sheep. In the long run, it is not the improvement of "quality", but the distinction between "quality" and the solidification of class. & nbsp; & nbsp; is regarded as the "root of all evils" of students' pressure on the college entrance examination-Wang Dong is a staunch supporter of it. Half jokingly, he said to me, "if we want to counterattack, we can only rely on the college entrance examination." & nbsp; & nbsp;-sometimes there is no summer camp abroad, no foreign teachers, no choice between piano or tennis lessons, TOEFL or IELTS. Sometimes, all the choices may be whether or not you want to drop out of school and go to work with your parents, or whether you want to go to the bathroom to read for a while and do some grammar problems after turning off the lights in the dormitory. & nbsp; & nbsp;-and these are the other side of the story in the grand narrative of quality Education.

& nbsp;5. & nbsp; & nbsp; in the second year of high school in the United States, host families live in very good neighborhoods, so they go to better local public schools. All the Advanced Placement and Honor math classes at that time were white. Take part in the school's intelligence competition team, and the teammates are all white. It was also the white man who took part in the national Latin competition and won the prize together. That year, for two weeks in the English class, I read Maya Angelou's autobiography. The I Know Why the Cage Bird Sings, writer described with extremely emotional strokes the inequalities in the interaction of race, gender and class when he was growing up. & nbsp; & nbsp; at that time, after reading, I also had feelings about keeping a diary and wondered why the underachieve, of ethnic minorities was entirely the logic of "condemning individuals" (who is to blame if you don't take the AP course and do well in standardized exams). Now think about it. If you hadn't been exposed to sociology after undergraduate, you would have been growing up on a "hard-to-get" path and might not have been aware of some structural oppression. & nbsp; & nbsp; We like to say "no, no, no" and "no, no, no"-but the difference in results cannot be completely explained by individual "inability" and "inaction". That's why I like Unequal Childhoods, written by sociologist Annette Lareau very much. In this book, the author discusses how different parenting patterns of different classes can be strengthened and regenerated into a wider range of inequality. At the same time, this book is also a best seller. According to Lareau himself, after reading it, many readers with no sociological background said it resonated-"Oh, my God!" This is just like my life! " . From an extremely personal point of view, the book is a "reminder" that when discussing social inequality, attention must be paid to the reflection of its own structural position. & nbsp; & nbsp; and the sociological significance of Lareau lies in paying attention to and depicting inequality at the macro level and how it is generated and strengthened at the micro level (home and school).

Today's sociological research pays more and more attention to "mechanism", and this book is also of considerable reference significance for sociological research in China. In the post-reform and opening-up China, with the expansion of university enrollment and the continuous strengthening of social inequality, there are still many gaps in the study of education, stratification and cultural capital in the local social circles. The concept of "quality education", which we are familiar with, is a concept worthy of study and discussion-what on earth are we referring to when we talk about "quality"? What does the emphasis on "quality" mean for children from poor families in the context of the expansion of university enrollment? -* the names and identifiable information of the people involved in this article have been modified. -in the study of inequality, two distinctions should be made: one is the difference between inequality and inequity, and the other is the difference between equality of opportunity and equality of results. The Affirmative Action, in American college enrollment is to some extent to pursue a kind of equality of results, but in many cases, the result is "the same", is it really equitable? This is also controversial. This article is about the inequality that has already emerged in the "opportunity" from the very beginning because of a variety of structural factors.